I got a response on this over on StackOverflow.
var button = new Button { Content = "Click Me" };
var action = new ActionMessage();
action.MethodName = "ModifyList";
action.Parameters.Add(new Parameter { Value = DataContext });
action.Attach(button);
var trigger = new System.Windows.Interactivity.EventTrigger();
trigger.EventName = "Click";
trigger.SourceObject = button;
trigger.Actions.Add(action);
Interaction.GetTriggers(button).Add(trigger);